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21.
Adolfo Isla Mnica Saldarriaga‐Crdoba Derie E. Fuentes Romina Albornoz Denise Haussmann Jorge Mancilla‐Schulz Alexis Martínez Jaime Figueroa Ruben Avendao‐Herrera Alejandro Yez 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(5):721-737
Piscirickettsia salmonisis the causative bacterial pathogen of piscirickettsiosis, a salmonid disease that causes notable mortalities in the worldwide aquaculture industry. Published research describes the phenotypic traits, virulence factors, pathogenicity and antibiotic‐resistance potential for various P. salmonisstrains. However, evolutionary and genetic information is scarce for P. salmonis. The present study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to gain insight into the population structure and evolution of P. salmonis. Forty‐two Chilean P. salmonisisolates, as well as the type strain LF‐89T, were recovered from diseased Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutchand Oncorhynchus mykissfrom two Chilean Regions. MLST assessed the loci sequences of dnaK, efp, fumC, glyA, murG, rpoD and trpB. Bioinformatics analyses established the genetic diversity among P. salmonis isolates (H = 0.5810). A total of 23 sequence types (ST) were identified, 53.48% of which were represented by ST1, ST5 and ST2. Population structure analysis through polymorphism patterns showed few polymorphic sites (218 nucleotides from 4,010 bp), while dN/dS ratio analysis indicated purifying selection for dnaK, epf, fumC, murG, and rpoD but neutral selection for the trpB loci. The standardized index of association indicated strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting clonal population structure. However, recombination events were detected in a group of seven isolates. Findings included genogroups homologous to the LF‐89T and EM‐90 strains, as well as a seven‐isolate hybrid genogroup recovered from both assessed regions (three O. mykiss and four S. salar isolates). The presented MLST scheme has comparative potential, with promising applications in studying distinct P. salmonis isolates (e.g., from different hosts, farms, geographical areas) and in understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen. 相似文献
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Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015 下载免费PDF全文
Antonín Dreiseitl 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(3):351-356
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is cultivated on 49.1 million hectares worldwide with 50.2% of the area located in Europe. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), occurs wherever barley is grown. Cultivar resistance plays an important role in global barley production, especially in parts of Europe where high concentrations of both spring and winter types are grown. The aim of this report was to postulate specific resistance genes in barleys from nine European countries registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015. Thirty‐five spring cultivars and 27 winter barleys were tested with 56 diverse Bgh isolates. Twenty‐five known resistance genes were postulated, and unknown genes were detected in Sandra, Saturn and Zeppelin. Unidentified specific resistance genes were also present in winter hybrids Hobbit and Wootan. Spring cultivars Arthur and Francin consisted of three and two genotypes, respectively. Resistance gene mlo was present in 26 spring cultivars, and the proportion of cultivars with this gene increased from 62.9% in 2006–2010 to 75.7% in 2011–2015. The gene Mlp1 was identified for the first time in German winter cultivar Saturn. Five spring cultivars registered in Slovakia were included in the tests. All the cultivars that were tested contained one or more specific resistance genes to powdery mildew. Adaptability of the pathogen and possibilities for breeding winter barleys are discussed. 相似文献
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为明确陕西省小麦不同部位镰刀菌种群结构及其毒素化学型,于2022年小麦灌浆期分别从陕西省渭南市、宝鸡市、咸阳市、西安市采集小麦穗部、茎秆以及茎基部具有明显病状的样品,采用单孢分离法获得镰刀菌菌株,并使用分子生物学鉴定其种群结构及毒素化学型。结果表明,从采集的样本中共分离到156株镰刀菌菌株,其中发生在穗部的赤霉病以及发生在茎秆的秆腐病的优势病原菌均为禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum),主要以15-ADON化学型为主;发生在茎基部的茎基腐病的优势病原菌为假禾谷镰刀菌(F.pseudograminearum),其15-ADON和3-ADON化学型占比差异不大;未检测到NIV毒素化学型的镰刀菌。以上结果说明,小麦不同部位对镰刀菌毒素化学型可能不存在选择性,小麦茎基部与穗部和茎秆的镰刀菌毒素化学型不同,原因可能是由优势病原菌不同造成的。 相似文献
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为了探讨PRC2复合体在铁皮石斛生长发育和胁迫响应中的功能,通过生物信息学方法筛选了铁皮石斛PRC2核心成员DcCLF、DcSWN、DcEMF2、DcFIE和DcMSI1,借助酵母双杂交技术分析了它们之间的互作关系,利用半定量PCR分析了PRC2核心成员的组织表达谱,通过荧光定量PCR检测了它们对非生物胁迫(低温、高温、脱水)和病害胁迫(齐整小核菌、灰葡萄孢霉菌)的响应情况。结果表明,铁皮石斛PRC2复合体包含5个成员:E(z)同源基因DcCLF和DcSWN、Su(z)12基因DcEMF2、ESC基因DcFIE、p55基因DcMSI1,且这5个成员间的互作关系基本符合模式植物的互作模式,也存在物种特异性,表明PRC2复合体在进化中既有保守性也有特殊性。PRC2核心成员在铁皮石斛根、茎、叶、花蕾、成花中均有表达,但不同基因的表达存在组织差异性。同时,PRC2成员响应不同的环境和病害胁迫:DcCLF受低温、高温和脱水等各种环境胁迫的显著诱导;DcMSI1和DcEMF2在齐整小核菌侵染下表达明显上调,而DcSWN在灰葡萄孢霉菌侵染下受诱导程度最大。铁皮石斛PRC2复合体在生长发育和胁迫应答中发挥重要作用,可为分子辅助育种提供关键靶标基因。 相似文献
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以‘秦美’猕猴桃为试材,分离纯化在贮藏过程中引起腐烂的主要病原真菌。采用形态学观察及核糖体rDNA-ITS(Internal transcribed spacer)区序列分析法进行鉴定。结果表明:从腐烂猕猴桃中共分离出5株致病菌,对ITS区序列测序结果经GenBank数据库BLAST比对,A的ITS序列与Trichothecium roseum(EU552162.1)同一分支,支持率达100%;B的ITS序列与Fusarium tricinctum(AB587078.1)同一分支,支持率达99%;C的ITS序列与Penicillium expansum(AF330635.1)同一分支,支持率达99%;D的ITS序列与Colletotrichum boninense(KF819619.1)同一分支,支持率达99%;E的ITS序列与Botrytis elliptica(KJ638600.1)同一分支,支持率达100%。由形态学及ITS区序列分析,构建系统发育树,最终鉴定A为粉红聚端孢(Trichothecium roseum),B为镰刀菌属(Fusarium tricinctum),C为扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),D为炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum boninense),E为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)。5种病原真菌中灰葡萄孢为主要致病菌。 相似文献
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Plant leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins are known to play important roles in signaling transduction and defense responses. In sorghum, SbLRR2 is pathogen-inducible gene encoding a simple extracellular LRR protein. Here, we demonstrated an earlier and stronger expression of SbLRR2 in a sorghum resistant genotype in comparison to a susceptible genotype following inoculation with the anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum sublineolum). In addition, SbLRR2 expression was found to be induced strongly by methyl-jasmonate treatment. Functional analysis was performed in SbLRR2 over-expression (OE) Arabidopsis plants, which showed enhanced resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. In addition, the OE lines were found to have elevated expression of several jasmonate acid (JA)-associated genes and higher endogenous JA contents. Hence, the SbLRR2-mediated defense responses in transgenic Arabidopsis are likely to be dependent on JA-signaling through increased JA production. On the other hand, the OE lines remained susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato like the wild type plants. Consistently, there was no up-regulation of salicylic acid (SA) defense marker gene expression or SA levels in the OE lines. Our results suggested that SbLRR2 is potentially useful for enhancing resistance against necrotrophic pathogens in transgenic dicot crops. 相似文献
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二甲基二硫的生物活性评价及对土壤养分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用室内生物活性测定方法,评价二甲基二硫(dimethyl disulfide,DMDS)对土壤病原线虫和土传病原菌的毒力,比较不同浓度药剂处理对土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸的影响,为探究DMDS作为新型土壤熏蒸剂提供切实可行性的依据。结果表明:DMDS熏蒸对土传病原线虫和镰刀菌属的LD_(50)分别为4.743 mg/kg和1.513 mg/kg,可见DMDS对病原线虫和镰刀菌有良好的生物活性。对土壤理化性质进行数据分析发现:DMDS能显著增加土壤铵态氮含量,抑制硝化作用过程,减少NO~-_3-N的产生,提高植物可吸收态氮素水平。DMDS处理的土壤有机质含量和电导率均显著高于对照土壤,而土壤pH和速效钾含量较对照均有降低。此外,熏蒸土壤中有效磷含量较对照减少,但两者无显著差异。对DMDS熏蒸后土壤进行底物诱导呼吸试验,表明DMDS能够在试验初期抑制土壤微生物生物量。本试验结果可为指导DMDS的科学使用提供理论依据及对土壤微生物活性的影响作出科学评价。 相似文献
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